They have chewing mandibles, and the central lobe of the maxilla is modified into a slender rod. A taxonomic order within the superorder psocodea book lice, bark lice or bark flies. These include the well known booklice liposcelididae. National barkfly outdoor psocoptera recording scheme.
Psocodea is a taxonomic group of insects comprising the bark lice, book lice and. Psocoptera comes from the greek words psocos, which means gnawed, and ptera, which means wings. Psocoptera, commonly known as bark lice and book lice, comprised about 4400 species known worldwide by the time the world catalogue was. They first appeared in the permian period, 295248 million years ago. For the other two hemipteroid orders, thysanoptera and psocoptera, only partial mtdna sequences are available. Psocoptera book lice class insectaorder psocopteranumber of families 36 or 37 source for information on psocoptera book. Most species occur outdoors on plants, or under bark, stones or dead leaves. Text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike license. Ectopsocidae is a family of psocoptera belonging to the suborder psocomorpha. The family is closely related to the families philotarsidae and calopsocidae. The bark lice are a small order of minute, fungivorous, algivorous or detritivorous insects which can be found in most terrestrial habitats. The psocoptera are a small order of paraneopteran insects near 4,000 species have. World catalogue and bibliography lienhard and smithers 2002.
The psocodea species file currently contains data from psocoptera insecta. Order psocodea barklice, booklice, and parasitic lice. A study of the tasmanian psocoptera with descriptions of new species. Papers and proceedings of the royal society of tasmania 1949. An order of small insects in which wings may be present or absent, tarsi are two or threesegmented, cerci are absent, and metamorphosis is gradual explanation of psocoptera. The order psocoptera is one of the least recorded insect groups. Although most psocoptera are freeliving, a few genera live in the nests of birds. Psocoptera article about psocoptera by the free dictionary. Psocids bark lice and booklice are now placed with the true lice in the order psocodea. Order psocodea barklice, booklice, and parasitic lice bugguide. Psocoptera barklice, booklice, psocids discover life. The psocoptera are tiny insects that have either four wings, two wings or none at all. Psocoptera, copeognatha, corrodentia, mallophaga, anoplura. The habit of psocids includes living or dead foliage, ground litter, bark of trees, and inside human habitations.
Barklice, likely common barklice cerastipsocus venosus, family psocidae, order psocoptera. Pseudocaeciliidae is a family of psocoptera belonging to the suborder psocomorpha. New species and records of peripsocus hagen psocoptera, peripsocidae from southeast australia. Fossil amber resin commonly called bark lice or book lice or barl lice, the psocopterans sport membranous wings held rooflike over abdomen. Although they are called lice, the psocoptera are freeliving insects, not parasites. This lack of recording is not because the species are rarely encountered on the contrary. Proper usage and audio pronunciation of the word psocoptera. Department of developmental and cell biology, university of california, irvine, ca 92697. Psocomorpha, troctomorpha, trogiomorpha suborders lacroixiella genus, incertae sedis edgariekiidae extinct family, incertae sedis beipiaopsocus, empheriopsis extinct genera, incertae sedis references. Psocids are found on a wide range of terrestrial habitat, such as on dead or living leaves, on stone or bark surfaces, and in leaf litter. Their close relationship to isoptera termites and other insect groups has been suggested. Rather, they eat fungi, dead bark and other materials, especially on rotting wood.
Psocoptera definition is an order of tiny softbodied insects that have long antennae, chewing mouthparts, feed on organic matter, are either wingless or have two pairs of wings held over the back like a roof, and include the book lice and bark lice. Psocoptera definition of psocoptera by the free dictionary. Psocoptera synonyms, psocoptera pronunciation, psocoptera translation, english dictionary definition of psocoptera. Whether youre a student, an educator, or a lifelong learner, can put you on the path to systematic vocabulary improvement. Sep 19, 2014 16, 21714 i really am unsure what this insect is, but with some identification help, i have narrowed it down to psocoptera, known as barklice. They are often regarded as the most primitive of the hemipteroids. These analyses indicate that parasitic lice evolved from within the psocoptera suborder troctomorpha. Booklice are more common in human dwellings and warehouses.
The scientific name comes from the greek psocus to grind and pteron wing and refers to the psocopteran jaws, which are shaped to grind food, rather like a pestle and mortar these insects can be conveniently, if somewhat arbitrarily, discussed in two groups, barklice and booklice, based on whether they. The psocoptera are a group of small soft, stout bodied insects which include book lice liposcelis sp. For convenience one can put quotes around it and use the term psocoptera to refer to psocids only. Pending id psocoptera pending id psocoptera references edwards, b. They are often regarded as the most primitive of the hemipterans. The insects of the order psocoptera copeognatha, corrodentia are commonly called psocids, although outdoor species living on tree trunks and branches have been called barklice, whereas indoor species, sometimes found in old books, have been called booklice.
A catalogue of type specimens of psocoptera insecta. Phylum arthropoda subphylum hexapoda class insecta order psocoptera. Unlike bloodsucking lice, psocids pronounces sosid are phytophagous, feeding on organic matter including algae, lichen, fungi, pollen, decaying plant particles detritus, and occasionally dead animal matter. Ectopsocidae is a family of psocoptera book lice or bark lice belonging to the suborder psocomorpha. Barklice psocoptera psocids bark lice order psocoptera. Help pages, faqs, uniprotkb manual, documents, news archive and biocuration projects. This name has been criticized by many entomologists because the prefix a clear reference to the manner of feeding is unrelated to the suffix the presence of wings. However, there are no reports on the allergenicity of psocoptera spp. Click the contributors name for licensing and usage information. Outdoor species are easy to find using sweep nets and beating trays, or by looking under bark or in old birds nests. Thorax the thorax unites to the head with a membranous and flexible neck. They have chewing mouthparts and a gradual metamorphosis, the life stages being the egg, nymph, and adult. General summary of psocoptera psocoptera corrodentia, or booklice and barklice description.
Not only are the native and established species included, but also those which. The family includes fewer than 200 species, most of them in the genus ectopsocus. Psocoptera are an order of insects that are commonly known as booklice, barklice or barkflies. Ent 425 general entomology resource library compendium. Commonly called bark lice or book lice or barl lice, the psocopterans sport membranous wings held rooflike over abdomen. Bark lice or psocids are small soft bodied insects which are often seen in groups or tiny herds on the surface of tree bark where they feed on lichens, fungi, and other superficial plant materials. Literature national barkfly recording scheme britain and ireland. Their name originates from the greek word, psokhos meaning gnawed or rubbed and, ptera meaning wings. These creatures are drawn to areas with high humidity and moisture, and love feeding on mold. The order is represented in argentina by 86 species 36 genera and 18 families. Parasitic lice are embedded within bark lice, and thus the single order psocodea is recognized for both groups. Book and bark lice the psocoptera the psocoptera are a group of small soft, stout bodied insects which include book lice liposcelis sp.
Jan 23, 2020 booklice are more common in human dwellings and warehouses. A video of a herd of barklice in brazil sao paulo state moving in a coordinated fashion on a tree. Most species feed on stored grains, book bindings, wallpaper paste, fabric sizing, and other starchy products. The species cerastipsocus venosus is one of the most. Psocoptera are an order of winged insects that are commonly known as booklice, barklice or barkflies.
Indoor species can be found by looking in mustysmelling, neglected corners including, perhaps, your prized insect collection. Handbooks for the identification of british insects. Psocoptera psolids, booklice, barklice department of. They have sharp teeth that cut numerous galleries between the wood and the bark of the tree creating severe damage to the tree. Besides damaging books, they also sometimes infest food storage areas, where they feed on dry, starchy materials. Information about psocoptera in the dictionary, synonyms and antonyms. Based on your answers to the questions, you have identified your insect as being in the order psocoptera. Head of both adults and larvae rounded with bulging.
Members of the family are characterised by their absence of an areola postica in their wings, like in the family peripsocidae. Psocoptera definition of psocoptera by merriamwebster. Discover lifes page about the biology, natural history, ecology, identification and distribution of psocoptera barklice, booklice, psocids discover life. The pine hyalinus is a species of psocoptera from elipsocidae family that can be found in great britain and ireland and are also common throughout europe. These insects are known to inhabit various terrestrial habitats such as tree bark bark lice, old papers, books, stored food products, etc and gain entry into human dwellings through these modes. Psocids barklice booklice the name psocoptera is derived from the greek psokos meaning rubbed or gnawed and ptera meaning wings. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Most leaf and bark dwelling psocids are common and seem to endure human influence. Data includes synonymies and citations for all recognized species. The insects of the order psocoptera copeognatha, corrodentia are commonly called psocids, although outdoor species living on tree trunks and branches have been called bark lice, whereas indoor species, sometimes found in old books, have been called book lice. Psocids are small, scavenging insects with a relatively generalized body plan. However, some psocids are clearly sensitive to human impact. Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license.
They are wingless and much smaller than barklice less than 2 mm. Barklice, booklice or psocids psocoptera, figure 11 mechanism of absorption of atmosp heric water. Psocopterabook lice class insectaorder psocopteranumber of families 36 or 37 source for information on psocoptera book lice. Psocoptera comprises aproximately 3000 species of small phytophagous and detritivorous hemipteroids. The right hand photo shows a fine mesh of silk over the louse. Unless otherwise stated, all species images were taken by the author. Barklice arent related to head lice, and have no interest in humans. Psocopteran definition of psocopteran by the free dictionary. This comprehensive book contains keys to all of the known taxa of psocoptera which have been found in the study area, including three genera named as new. The psocodea species file is a taxonomic database that includes data for psocoptera bark lice and phthiraptera parasitic lice. There are more than 5,500 species in 41 families in three. Click the psocid image for a link to that bugguide species page. Barklice, booklice or psocids psocoptera springerlink. The family is closely related to the families philotarsidae and.
All psocids possess silk glands and in some species large webs are formed in which the community lives. Psocids, psocoptera booklice and barklice, 2nd edition. The webbing of larvae can completely cover the bark of trees, but appear to cause no damage. The hemipteroid assemblage has four orders of insects. They feed primarily on fungi, algae, lichen, and organic detritus in nature but are also known to feed on starchbased household items like grains, wallpaper glue and book bindings. For the identification of insects and mites, contact a local virginia cooperative extension office, or find information about offices in your state. Characteristics psocids or booklice as they are commonly known are small usually dull coloured insects with a body length of 110 millimetres. General summary of psocoptera university of california. Psocopterabook lice class insectaorder psocopteranumber of families 36 or 37 source for information on psocoptera book. Their name originates from the greek word psokos meaning gnawed or rubbed and ptera meaning wings.
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